Melasma, freckles, and solar lentigo are three types of hyperpigmentation that appear differently on the skin, each with unique causes and characteristics. Although they may seem similar at first glance, each has distinct features that require specific prevention and treatment methods.
1. Melasma
Melasma is a skin condition that appears as brown or gray-brown patches, usually on the face, but also on other sun-exposed areas. It is often associated with hormonal changes, such as those from pregnancy or contraceptive use, and is triggered or worsened by sun exposure. Melasma is more common in women and can be difficult to treat, often requiring depigmenting creams and strict sun protection.
2. Freckles
Freckles are small brown spots caused by a buildup of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Unlike melasma, freckles are generally inherited genetically and appear from childhood, being more common in people with fair skin. Freckles darken in the sun and tend to fade in the winter. Although they are not considered a medical condition, people with freckles are advised to use sun protection to prevent excessive darkening.
3. Solar Lentigo
Solar lentigo, also known as age spots or sun spots, typically appears in adults on areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, and shoulders. These spots are light or dark brown and are caused by cumulative UV exposure. Solar lentigo differs from freckles in that it usually appears later in life and does not fade during the colder months. The spots are also larger and more well-defined. Common treatments include laser therapy, chemical peels, or depigmenting creams.
Dr. Amalia Anghel
Conclusion
Although melasma, freckles, and solar lentigo all involve skin hyperpigmentation, their causes and management methods differ significantly. Prevention through sun protection is essential for all three types, as sun exposure is a major factor that worsens hyperpigmentation.
